Gliomas are tumors originating from brain or spine and arise from glial cells. Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors in adults. The classification of gliomas can be based on cell type, grade and location. For instance, gliomas can be classified into low-grade and high-grade determined by pathologic evaluation of the tumor. In this study Tang et al. we define the subtypes based on genetic and molecular signatures according to the reference. Combined analysis with different data typesof genome-wide [...]

A strong statistical interactions is commonly associated with diseases.  Disease classification could be significantly increased by our understanding of the gene interactions, especially when gene expression differs across different classes are not good enough, it is more important to take use of gene interactions for disease classification analyses. However, most gene selection algorithms in classification analyses merely focus on genes whose expression levels show differences across classes, and ignore the discriminatory information from gene interactions. [...]

This graphic shows the basic setup for a microbial fuel cell. An MFC consists of an anode, a cathode, a proton or cation exchange membrane and an electrical circuit. Anode respiring bacteria cling to the anode of the MFC. In the course of their metabolic activity, these bacteria strip electrons from organic waste. The electrons then flow through a circuit to the cathode, producing electricity in the process, in addition to CO2 and water. Hydroxide [...]

Silver ions delivered by nanoparticles to bacteria promote lysis, the process by which cells break down and ultimately die, which makes silver nanoparticles a superior and widely used antibacterial agent. New research by Rice University found that silver ions, not the particles themselves, are toxic to bacteria. They also found that ligands in the vicinity of a bacteria can bind silver ions and prevent them from reaching their target. Rice University researchers have settled a [...]

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an attractive technology for silencing the expression of specific genes in human cells. In the physiological RNA interference pathway of gene silencing, double stranded RNAs are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNA) by the RNase enzyme DICER. These siRNAs are incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), that is capable of identifying and degrading mRNA that is complementary to the antisense strand of  the siRNA thereby causing “gene silencing”. [...]

Cancer is still a leading cause of deaths around the world, despite much significant advancement have been achieved in the cancer sciences. The cancers of lung and bronchus, and liver for male, and breast and lung ,and bronchus for female are estimated as the major reason for estimated deaths worldwide. Cancer can be induced by several endogenous and environmental causes as well as an adoption of cancer associated lifestyle choices including smoking, physical inactivity and [...]

UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a class of enzymes anchored in the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. The UGT enzyme catalyzes glucuronidation, a major metabolic pathway in humans, by transferring a glucuronic acid from the cofactor UDPglucuronic acid to the substrate. In vitro characterization has revealed that many human UGT enzymes display substrate inhibition kinetics (i.e., inhibition of enzyme activity at high substrate concentrations). It is interesting to note that plant UDP-glucosyltransferases (using a similar catalytic mechanism as [...]

The external and internal mass transfers of substrate have been analyzed for alcoholic fermentation using a bioreactor with mobile beds of immobilized yeast cells. The experiments have been carried out under glucose inhibition limitation for different sizes and concentrations of biocatalysts particle. By means of the substrate mass balance for a single particle of biocatalysts, considering the kinetic model adapted for the inhibitory effect of glucose, a specific mathematical model has been developed for describing [...]

Nowadays, herbal medicines have been widely used in health care and disease treatment and the share of herbal medicinal products in pharmaceutical market is increasing rapidly in many countries. One of the main resources of active pharmaceutical ingredients of herbal medicines is secondary metabolites, many of which are structurally complex and difficult to synthesize chemically. Thus, increasing the yield of some secondary metabolites through bioengineering approaches is highly desired. However, it is difficult to achieve [...]

Aggressive behavior canbe generated, stimulated, and modulated through both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, e.g. social and nutritional influences, endocrine, and neurophysiological regulatory mechanisms. Most of these factors are interrelated and seemed to play important roles during evolutionary adaptative processes. it is the purpose of this work to make the readership and the research community sensitive to environmental conditions such as food quality in relation to their behavioral and social impact. Besides its nutritional function food [...]